McKee's Hill - How Hog Creek Was Named

McKee's Hill 

New Questions. 

If you recall from my last blog, in September of 1786, General George Rogers Clark, while at his home in Louisville, Ky. received an intelligence report that said a large number of Indians along with British agents were planning to assemble on the upper Wabash in September or October that year.

George Rogers Clark

1752- 1818

Clark immediately organized a force of 2000 militia troops and on September 10th, started north into the upper Wabash River area in present-day Indiana. Before leaving Clark had ordered Colonel Benjamin Logan to collect another militia force and to lead his force into the upper Miami River valley against the Shawnee villages as a diversionary strike. These thrusts into Indian lands were to take place at the same time, Clarks leaving Louisville and Logan's leaving Limestone, Ky, both heading directly north.

On Oct. 6, Logans force attacked the Indian village of Mackachack (east of West Liberty, Ohio).

This attack was one of a series of attacks leveled on the Indian villages in the area.

By the time they'd finished their attacks, Logan had lost three men killed and three others wounded. They had killed 22 Indians including ten chiefs, had with them scalps of a dozen warriors, 26 women and children who had been prisoners along with several Indian women prisoners. They had destroyed a vast amount of foodstuffs and burned fields of crops literally destroying the Shawnees food supply for the upcoming Winter. Heading south they arrived at the Ohio River in less than a week, and the army disbanded. Among those fleeing the scene on Oct. 6, was an Indian trader/interpreter named Alexander McKee.

Alexander McKee

McKee, namesake of a little known rise of ground near Lafayette, Ohio was born about 1735 the second son of Thomas McKee an Irish immigrant (probably Scots-Irish from northern Ireland), fur trader, Indian Agent, and interpreter. His mother, Mary, was a white captive from a North Carolina settler's family who had been adopted and assimilated into the Shawnee tribe. She died when he was young. As a young man, Alexander McKee began working with traders who did business with the Indians of the Ohio Country. Soon, he was able to establish his own trading business. Because of his good relations with the Ohio tribes, Indian agent George Croghan enlisted McKee in the service of the Crown's Indian Department.

Following mistreatment by the settlers, he left the Americans in favor of the British at Detroit. It was during this transition that he established his well-known association with Matthew Elliott and the Girty brothers: Simon, James, and George.

During the next 25 years, Alexander McKee led efforts to promote the alliance of the Indians with the British, most especially with the Shawnee, but also with the majority of the Northwest Indian tribes. He guarded the interests of the Indians and was their honest friend. The Continental Congress branded him a traitor for remaining loyal to the British Empire and organizing several tribes on the side of the British.

Now I have to admit, whenever I'd think about McKee, I'd always visualize him as a scraggly looking, tough talking, tobacco chewing uncouth country bumpkin, walking around with a bag of trinkets and beads to swap with the local Indians, but the more I read about him, the more I began to see him in a different light.

Apparently he did well. Around 1764, McKee settled in what is now McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania where he appears to have lived a very comfortable life in his 8-room log mansion on his 1,200 acre plantation named "Fairview" located across the river from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1770, George Washington wrote in his diary that he had dinner with McKee at Fairview, thus giving us the good impression that McKee was pretty well known among other historical figures at the time.
Now when I think of Alexander McKee, I visualize him more as a businessman in coat and tie rather than buckskins and moccasins.

Sometime after the Revolutionary War McKee left the comforts of his Fairview plantation and headed west. Why he ended up in the Shawnee village of Mackachak is unknown.

 

If you recall from my Oct. 16th blog, in September of 1786 Colonel Benjamin Logan destroyed several Shawnee villages in west central Ohio. This Benjamin Logan is not to be confused with the Benjamin Logan associated with the history of Auglaize County.

Colonel Benjamin Logan
1742 - 1802

By the time they'd finished their attacks, Logan had lost three men killed and three others wounded. They had killed 22 Indians including ten chiefs, had with them scalps of a dozen warriors, 26 women and children who had been prisoners along with several Indian women prisoners. They had destroyed a vast amount of foodstuffs and burned fields of crops literally destroying the Shawnees food supply for the upcoming Winter. Heading south they arrived at the Ohio River in less than a week, and the army disbanded. Among those fleeing the scene on Oct. 6, was an Indian trader/interpreter named Alexander McKee.

Writers have told us for years that an Indian trader/interpreter named Alexander McKee "fled" the Mackachack village on Oct. 6 taking with him, along with his personal belongings, a drove of hogs. He eventually halted on the south bank of the Ottawa River west of Lafayette, Oh where he had to abandoned most of his hogs.

Note:

If you Google "mckees hill historical marker" the site will give you the GPS coordinates for where it's located.

40° 46.33′ N, 83° 57.925′ W.  That is incorrect. 
If you're Type in,  40° 46' 10.99" N,   83° 57' 52.10.92"W.   

Its actually only 990 feet south of the internet site.  

1988

1988

The more I read about this story, the more questions I had.
Question #1
"Was the Attack on Mackachack a Surprise Attack"

Could it be that Logan's attack wasn't a surprise after all? Writers tell us that there were very few men of fighting age in the village at the time of the attack. They (the Indians) knew there was a treaty and perhaps they wanted to avoid any kind of potential problem, they simply left assuming the women, children and older people would be safe. As we now know, they were not.

Question #2

Did McKee "flee" or Did He Simply Pack Up and Leave?

The historical maker reads; "McKee and a band of Shawnee took their possessions including a large drove of hogs and "fled" north from the Mackachack villages near present day Bellfontaine. My first thing I thought of was; "how does one "flee" anything with a herd of hogs?" Could it be he wasn't fleeing at all.

The obvious question is if McKee was "fleeing" from an approaching enemy, why would he slow himself down by droving a large herd of hogs? It wasn't about a food supply, he was less than a weeks trip away from the British occupied areas near Toledo. If they knew Logan was near, I doubt he'd take the time to pack up his belongings, round up his hogs, assemble a group of men to go with him then start north. This further supports the idea Logan's attack wasn't a surprise attack after all and McKee probably wasn't "fleeing" as we normally think of the word.

Question #3

Is Napoleon Rd. "The Old Black Swamp Trail?"

Partially? Ok, I realize I'm tampering with another long held tradition here, but I did find evidence that suggests that the actual "trail" in that section of Jackson Township was 1/2 mile east of Napoleon Rd.

A straight line drawn from the area of the Mackachack village to McKee's hill, passes through known Indian villages at the time; Bellfontaine and Roundhead. It terminates at McKee's Hill. If McKee was following Napoleon Rd, he would had to go east 1/2 mile, try to cross the river then go back west to join Napoleon Rd. It's doubtful he tried to cross the Ottawa River a mile north of the historical marker because according to Google topographical information the land in that area is basically flat. In other words, not elevation changes that might be called a "hill." On the other hand, there are more changes in elevation at the site the traditional site of McKee's Hill.

My Visit to McKee's Hill

The first and last time I visited McKee's hill was 45 years ago (1975) so some of my memories about the site are a little cloudy. Three things remain clear in my mind; 1) there was large number of small hills and gullies in the area near the river, 2) there was a gigantic sycamore tree in the immediate area that must have been hundreds of years old and surely growing when McKee passed by and 3) I distinctly remember seeing what looked very much like a path. The ground in the area by the tree sloped slightly to the west but at one point it leveled out creating a flat area about five feet wide and looking very much like a well worn path. I also remembering hearing stories that at one time there was an old school house near the sycamore but I couldn't any remains of any structures. If what I saw was indeed a path, that could support the view that that was part of the original Black Swamp Trail at least in that section of Jackson Township. I had my metal detector with me and hoped I'd find some metal objects McKee may have abandoned but no luck. I do remember seeing some oddly placed river stones near the trail and when I dug down a few inches I found bones. I knew when people died along trails they were often buried near the trail with rocks improvised as gravestones. I couldn't tell if were animal or human but I decided it was best not to know so I covered them up and wandered on. Who knows, they could have been bones from McKee's hogs.

Yes, the Sycamoe was that large and no, that isn't me in the picture.

How did "Hog Creek" Get It's Name?

As the story goes, as McKee approached the Ottawa River he halted because the river was too dangerous to try to cross. He decided to leave a large number of his hogs behind on the south bank. Traditions say that the local Indians survived the Winter of 1786 using the hogs as their food source and out of respect they named the river "Koshko Sepe", which in the Shawnee language meant "The Creek of the Hogs" or "Hog Stream." In the following years the stream became known to locals as "Hog Crick," and not in a flattering way. Sad because the original name was much more respectful and historical.

Alexander McKee

I posted the following in my last blog but am reposting it here in case you missed it and to conclude with a short bio of the man who lent his name to a small hill west of Lafayette, Ohio 233 years ago.
Alexander McKee was born about 1735 the second son of Thomas McKee an Irish immigrant (probably Scots-Irish from northern Ireland), fur trader, Indian Agent, and interpreter. His mother, Mary, was a white captive from a North Carolina settler's family who had been adopted and assimilated into the Shawnee tribe. She died when he was young. As a young man, Alexander McKee began working with traders who did business with the Indians of the Ohio Country. Soon, he was able to establish his own trading business. Because of his good relations with the Ohio tribes, Indian agent George Croghan enlisted McKee in the service of the Crown's Indian Department and McKee also became a British Indian Agent.

Following mistreatment of the Indians by the settlers, he left the Americans in favor of the British at Detroit. It was during this transition that he established his well-known association with Matthew Elliott and the Girty brothers: Simon, James, and George.
During the next 25 years, Alexander McKee led efforts to promote the alliance of the Indians with the British, most especially with the Shawnee, but also with the majority of the Northwest Indian tribes. He guarded the interests of the Indians and was their honest friend. The Continental Congress branded him a traitor for remaining loyal to the British Empire and organizing several tribes on the side of the British.

McKee the Successful Entrepreneur

Apparently McKee did well in his trading business. Around 1764, McKee settled in what is now McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania where he apparently lived a very comfortable life on his plantation named "Fairview" in his 8-room log mansion located across the river from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

In 1770, George Washington wrote in his diary that he had dinner with McKee at the Fairview plantation. This adds to the perception that McKee was pretty well known among other historical figures at the time. Now that I know more about the man, the less I perceive him as a scraggly looking, tough talking, tobacco chewing uncouth country bumpkin, walking around with a bag of trinkets and beads to swap with the local Indians, couldn't be further from the truth. He was a successful business man who just happened to be in the wrong side during a war.

McKee died in Canada at the age of 64 on January 15, 1799 a His old friend Georgce Washington died later that same year on December 14th. McKee was mourned and greatly honored by the Northwest tribes and his son Thomas McKee was a Canadian soldier who went on to become a popular political figure.
Mckee and Washington had dinner together one night in 1770. Five years later during the American Revolution they found themselves on different sides. Makes me wonder if they maintained their friendship throughout the war of if they simply parted ways in 1775. That's a story for another day.

Conclusion

To readers, especially those of you who live in Allen County, be proud of the your "hog creek." Koshko Sepe has a rich and proud history

Wapakoneta - Wapakoneta Heritage Parkway

A series of plaques commemorating the removal of the Shawnee from the area in 1830

 

 

 

Fort Footprint?

The grassed area surrounding the monument has long been accepted as the "footprint" of Fort Amanda, (Figure 1below). In my book "Fort Amanda - a Historical Redress," I presented my theory that if you could pick up the entire grassed area around the monument and move it 132 feet further to the northwest that would have been the location (Figure 2). 

The rationale I used for making that claim is very involved and includes, i.e., logistics, location of the well, the ramp and of course mathematics so for the sake of time and to not distract from the main purpose of this posting, I've chosen not to go into all those details in this blog but will save for a future date.   

Does this new theory change anything? 

Not really.  Only the location of the blockhouses.

Fig. 1

Fig.2

Layout of Fort Amanda

The site chosen for Fort Amanda was a natural defensive position. It was protected by a 20-foot deep ravine to the northwest, a 30-foot drop off to the southeast and a 30-foot drop off to the Auglaize River, and the area facing the southwest, once cleared of trees provide a field of vision for sentries watching for anyone approaching the fort from that direction.

Fort Amanda was built in 2 phases; the first by Kentuckians under the command of Lt. Col. Robert Pogue who named the fort for his 11 year old daughter Amanda. Construction began on Phase 1in October 1812. All indications are the fort measured 198 ft. by 198 ft. It was modeled after Pogues boyhood home in Fort Harrod (Harrodsburg, Ky). During Phase II, the fort was extended another 132 feet making the finished dimensions of Fort Amanda 198 ft. x 330 ft.

The Work Begins

Sunday Feb. 28, 1813 - The weather was so cold the Auglaize and St. Mary's Rivers were frozen shut.  The companies of Ohio militia troops being sent to relieve the Kentuckians at Forts Amanda, Jennings and Defiance, were stopped at St. Marys awaiting further orders. Meanwhile the captain of the company assigned to Fort Amanda (Daniel Hobrook) sent Ensign William Schillinger and 30 men to march to Fort Amanda and take over command. They left St. Marys at 10 o'clock Sunday morning and arrived at Amanda at 4 o'clock that afternoon.

*Note that in Figure 3, Pogue's fort is located at the south end of the grassed area. The problem with that configuration is that the water supply for the fort would have been outside the walls. A no-no. Again, based on journal entries, measurements, logistics, etc, it's my belief that Pogue's fort was located as shown in Figure 4. It places the well inside the fort.  It also places a blockhouse at the lower left corner of Figure 4 and in a position where the gate was eventually relocated.

Figure 3

Figure 4

The evening Schillinger and his men arrived the temperature plummeted and while the Kentuckians slept soundly in their cabins inside the fort, Schillinger and his men slept outside in tents being pelted with hail.

NOTE:  Figures 5 and 6 are photoshopped pics showing what I believe sections inside of Fort Amanda looked like. They are based on original journal entries. A row of cabins (Figure 6) were probably located parallel to the river, their back walls serving as stockade walls. The blockhouse shown in Figure 5 was located in the area of the concrete post at the northeast end of the grassy area.  The gate was eventually moved and connected to it. 

Figure 5

Figure 6

PARTY TIME

Their tour of duty over, some of the Kentuckians remained at the fort waiting on friends returning from the norther forts and judging from Schillinger's comments, the Kentuckians were quite the partiers. He wrote in his journal on Mar 3rd:

“Last night we had rain. The Kentucky troops were all in high glee and black and dirty as Indians, and danced in the most infamous manner and the most blasphemous swearing possible for men to utter was made use of by those self conceited infidels.”

There was no love loss between the Kentuckians and Ohio troops so every effort was made to keep the two groups as separated as possible.  The field on the north side of Fort Amanda rd. just west of the bridge crossing the Auglaize was an area called the "Commons" and that's where troops passing through set up their camps. 

The following day, the last of the Kentuckians left the fort and started home.  Work began almost immediately on enlarging the size of the fort. The walls of Pogue's square shaped fort (198 x 198) were extended 132 feet to the northwest creating the rectangular shape (198 x 330). Again, more details on how I arrived at those figures in a later blog.

Originally there were 4 blockhouses in Fort Amanda, a 5th was added later in March. While blockhouses were generally used as lookout posts, the Kentuckians used the blockhouses them for storage. We know from Schillinger's journal that the windows hadn't yet been cut into the blockhouse probably to protect the materials store inside.

The first order of business was to clean the materials out of the blockhouses move them into some of the cabins and sheds inside the fort. 

March 6, 1813- Saturday 

Saturday the 6^th Day of March 

This day being Officer of Police, detach,d a fatigue party & proceeded, to gather and burn the brush, & other filth about the fort & to take some flour which was in the upper part of one of one of the block houses Down & put it in some cabbins, This evening, our cook being sick, I had to cook supper.

The flour was stored in the west blockhouse (Figure 7)

Fig. 7

West Blockhouse

March 9, 1813 - Tuesday

 Tuesday the 9 of March, 1813

This Morning clear & pleasant.  I being Officer of Police detach,d the fatigue Party and Proceed to Clear the upper part of the East Block house of some Meat that had been salted there in bulk & Chink & cut the port holes & prepare it for actual use,  the carpenters at work fixing the gates fastenings

Meat was stored in the east blockhouse (Figure 8). According to tradition, the east blockhouse was the largest of all the blockhouse. It sat in the southeast corner of the enclosure.

Fig. 8 

East Blockhouse

March 11, 1813 - Thursday

Thursday the 11

This Morning Rainy.  Attended to the removing of the oats & corn from the upper part of one of our block houses, & prepare it for use. 

The 5th Blockhouse

The "Fort Amanda PX"

March 23, 1813 - Tuesday

Tuesday the 23 

This morning clear and pleasant  turnd out the fatigue party and throw, down  A cabbin on the old wing & cut the logs in to 13 feet lenghts for to make A block house in the S.W. line of our Stockading,  This morning our Colonel & company left the fort & for to go to Wapukanati,  at 6 P.M. clouded up & began to rain

Contractors were licensed by the government to sell goods to soldiers the various forts. They sold everything from writing paper and quills to shirts to chewing tobacco. The agent that served the troops along the Auglaize river was a man Schillinger referred to as "Mr. Picket." On May 15, Schillinger said they cut a door in the "lower part of the Picket block house," implying that the new blockhouse may have been where Picket stored his supplies. In other words, the 5th blockhouse may have served as the fort's PX or store.

 May 15, 1813 - Saturday

Saturday the 15^th

Clear & Cool, with frost ---- our men employ,d to Day Cleaning out our North Block House & cutting a Door into the Lower part of the Picket block house & chinking the same,  Our Paymaster & Surgeon & Colonel Orr and Major Jenkison with some other Gentlemen came from St. Marys  filled up our Muster Pay & Receipt Rolls ready for Receiving our Pay in the morning.

 

It's interesting to note that the soldiers had been at Fort Amanda for over 2 months and they were just now cleaning out the north blockhouse. Schillinger doesn't tell us what was stored there. In addition, they were just now cutting the doorway in the 5th blockhouse that was built the end of March.

Fort Amanda 

As you're walking the path from the shelter house to the monument as you begin to enter the clearing and the grassed area, look to your immediate left. In 1813 that was the location of the 2 story blockhouse Schillinger referred to as the "north blockhouse." Immediately to your right there is a concrete post. That was the location of the west blockhouse and the fort's gate.

Conclusion

My hope is what I've presented here helps visitors to the park better visualize what the fort may have looked like over 200 years ago.  Whether the current grassed area is the forts footprint or whether my theory is correct, doesn't really change anything about the forts history. Hopefully what it does is generate interest and remind people that the total story of Fort Amanda is far from being told.

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If you would like learn more about Fort Amanda and the patriots who served there, these books can be purchased locally at the sites listed below, at Amazon or by contacting me at djohnson43@att.net

     

                 $20                                                              $15

Available at;

Readmore's Hallmark stores in Lima, Ohio (E. Elm st., Eastgate and Flanders ave.

Casa Chic (109 W. Auglaize st) in Wapakoneta, Ohio

The Allen County Museum (620 W. Market st) in Lima, Ohio 

Amazon.com

If you'd like a personalized copy email me at djohnson43@att.net and I'll send you the details.

If you're looking for a speaker related to this subject for your group, simply email me at djohnson43@att.net or 740-879-4502

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